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亚洲法与社会杂志
《亚洲法与社会杂志》目录(2022)Volume 9, Issue 2
2022年10月10日 预览:

【内容提要】

一、特刊:人类世与亚洲法

 

The Anthropocene and the Law in Asia

The Prevention of the Sixth Mass Extinction: Socio-Legal Responses to Mitigate the Anthropogenic Crises in Asia and Beyond

预防第六次物种灭绝:减轻亚洲及其他地区人类危机的社会法律回应

Hiroshi Fukurai加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校

 

Abstract:

This Special Issue highlights the most recent socio-legal research related to the mitigation, if not the elimination, of the threat of anthropogenic disasters in Asia and beyond. The drafts of these papers were originally presented at the Presidential Session on “The Anthropocene and the Law in Asia” at the Fourth Asian Law and Society Association (ALSA) Conference held in the vibrant city of Osaka, Japan in December 2019. The timing of this particular session, the first of its kind to be held at an ALSA Conference, turned out to be somewhat prophetic, in that two anthropogenic catastrophes—the historic zoonotic pandemic and the cataclysmic wild bushfires—had just begun to strike in December in Wuhan, China and in New South Wales, Australia, respectively. The novel coronavirus pandemic would kill more than 1 million people in the following months, after infecting more than 40 million across the globe. The Australian wild bushfires killed and displaced more than 3 billion animals, becoming the worst wildfire ever recorded in the world. Since that last ALSA Conference in December 2019, multiple anthropogenic disasters have hit various regions in Asia and across the world. The papers in this Special Issue examine various impacts of anthropogenic disasters and propose innovative socio-legal strategies to mitigate them. Included are arguments for the proposal of new legal education curricula and innovative pedagogy on environmental law and the exploration of an international multidisciplinary teaching framework in reconsidering and reshaping human-centric legal education. Also proposed is the development of a robust Earth Jurisprudence based on the adoption of the Rights of Nature principles, while moving away from the Euro-American exploitive view of nature as commodified properties. Additionally proposed is the establishment of a land-based, topological jurisprudence that incorporates the nuanced narratives of indigenous voices in dealing with the threat of human-induced ecological and environmental disasters in the years ahead.

 

摘要:

本特刊重点介绍了在亚洲和其他地区关于减轻(如果不是消除)人类世灾害威胁的最新法社会学研究。这些论文的初稿最初201912提交第四届亚洲法与社会协会(ALSA)会议人类世与亚洲法律主席会期,大会在日本充满活力的城市大阪举行这是第一次在ALSA会议上举行此类议程场特殊会议的时间节点在某种程度上是预言性的因为就在12两场人类世灾难——历史性的动物传染大流行病和灾难性的野外丛林大火——分别在中国武汉和澳大利亚的新南威尔士地区开始肆虐在接下来的几个月里,新型冠状病毒大流行在全球范围内感染人数超过了4000,并使100万人丧失生命。澳大利亚的野生丛林大火造成30多亿动物死亡和流离失所,成为世界上有记录以来最严重的一场野火。自上一次201912ALSA会议以来,亚洲和世界各地各地区发生多起人类世灾害。本特刊中的论文研究了人为灾害的各种影响,并提出了用于减轻这些影响法与社会的革新方案这些论文的观点包括提供新的法教育课程和关于环境法的创新教学法,以及探索挖掘一种国际多学科教学框架,从而重新思考并塑造当前人类中心的法教育。以及,建议在自然权利原则基础上发展出稳固健全的地球法理学,同时摆脱欧美式的将自然看作商品化财产的剥削性观点。此外,建议建立一个以土地为基础的地志法理学从而在今后处理人类引起的生态和环境灾难威胁时纳入原住民的叙事

 

Keywords: Anthropocene pandemics; climate change; legal education; Rights of Nature; topography; Asia

关键词:人类世大流行病;气候变化;法学教育;自然的权利;地志学;亚洲

 


Can Rights of Nature Save Us from the Anthropocene Catastrophe? Some Critical Reflections from the Field

自然权利能把我们从人类世灾难中拯救出来吗?来自现实情况的一些批判性思考

Lieselotte Viaene,西班牙马德里卡洛斯三世大学社会科学系

 

Abstract

The world can no longer deny that the planet is on the verge of an Anthropocene catastrophe. As scientists from different fields and from around the globe are discussing the causes, impacts, challenges, and solutions to the arrival of this human-induced new geological time, the field of law cannot remain behind. Rights of Nature (RoN), granting legal personhood to nature and its elements such as rivers, is an emerging transnational legal framework fast gaining international traction among Euro-American legal scholars as a new tool to combat environmental destruction. Grounded in reflections derived from long-term collaborative ethnographic work among indigenous communities, this article aims to critically and empirically unpack several interrelated concerns and blind spots at this moment of the RoN snowballing effect around the globe related to claims that this new legal proposal is rooted in indigenous lifestyles and views about nature/the environment.

 

摘要:

世界已无法否认地球濒临一场人类世灾难的边缘。当世界各地不同领域的科学家们讨论着这一由人类引发的新地质时代到来的原因、影响、挑战和解决方法时,法律领域也不能落下脚步。自然的权利(RoN)赋予自然及其诸如河流等要素法律人格,它是一种新兴的跨国法律框架,能够作为一种新型工具与环境破坏问题作斗争这一法律框架飞速地在欧美法律学者间获得国际化的关注。本文立足于在原住民社群中长期开展民族志合作研究产生的反思,旨在批判地、经验性地剖析目前自然的权利(RoN)在全球范围内发生滚雪球效应的背景几个相互关联关切和盲点,而这些关切和盲点都与这个新的法律提议根植于原住民的生活方式以及有关自然/环境视角有关

 

KeywordsRights of Nature; Anthropocene; indigenous peoples; river rights; natural resources

关键词自然的权利;人类世;原住民;河流权利;自然资源

 


Integrating the Anthropocene in Legal Education: Considerations for Asia

将人类世纳入法律教育:为亚洲的若干考虑

Jonathan Liljeblad,澳大利亚国立大学法学院

 

Abstract:

The scale and urgency of the consequences of the Anthropocene for human civilization call for comprehensive responses from human societies. As leaders in law, law schools have a role in helping their respective societies respond to the impacts of the Anthropocene. The present analysis discusses potential approaches to help law schools in Asia integrate the Anthropocene into their legal education curricula. Drawing upon existing legal education literature regarding issues of content, teaching tools, curriculum placement, and subject status as a law topic, the analysis explores the potential issues facing law schools in the adoption of the Anthropocene as a component of learning. The analysis then addresses the particular contextual sociocultural, economic, and political circumstances likely to challenge the integration of the Anthropocene into Asian law schools. The conclusion finishes with directions for future research.

 

摘要

人类世给人类文明带来的后果的规模和紧迫性亟待人类社会做出全面的回应。作为法律领域中的引导者,法学院在帮助社会各界应对人类世的影响方面发挥着作用。本讨论了帮助亚洲法学院将人类世纳入其法律教育课程的潜在方法。基于现有法教育文献中关于教学内容、教学工具、课程设置和作为法律主题学科地位等议题,本文探讨了法学院在采用人类世作为学习内容时所面临的潜在问题。随后,本文指出可能对人类世融入亚洲法学院构成挑战的特殊社会文化、经济和政治环境。文章以指明如何将人类世作为一个学科纳入法律教育的未来研究方向作结。

 

Keywords: Anthropocene; legal education; Asia; law; environment; comparative law; international law

关键词: 人类世;法律教育;亚洲;法律;环境;比较法;国际法

 


A Sense of Place with Landmark Judgments: Anthropogenic Justice, Wildlife Extinction, and Climate Change

地方感及其里程碑式判决:人正义、野生动物灭绝与气候变化

Peter D. Rush,墨尔本大学法学院

 

Abstract:

It will be familiar to many that the environmental emergency of our times generates a number of difficulties for our thinking of law and society. It is argued in this essay that the languages of place-making make some sense of these predicaments. The essay proceeds through the close reading of an Extinction Rebellion protest and two landmark judgments. The protests, and their policing, are keyed to specific places and their atmospheres. A first judgment concerns the destruction of habitat and the extinction of native wildlife species; a second concerns the impact of coal mining on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. A sense of place emerges with the aesthetic reason of judgment. The emblems and topics of legal speech, it is argued, give form and technique to the writing of place. A renewed jurisprudence of topography makes legible the meeting places of law and the environmental emergency.

 

摘要:

众所周知,我们这个时代的环境突发事件给我们思考法律和社会问题带来了许多困难。本文认为,“地方营造”的话语对这些困境有一定的解释力。本文下文通过对一场灭绝反抗抗议及两份具有里程碑意义的判决进行详细解读展开。抗议活动及其警察监管工作都与之特定的地点和氛围有关。第一个判决涉及本土野生物种栖息地的破坏和灭绝; 第二个判决涉及采煤对温室气体排放和气候变化的影响。一种地方感随着具有审美理知的判断而出现。本文认为,法律言语象征和主题为地方的书写赋予了形式和技巧。新的地形法理学使法律和环境突发事件的交汇处变得清晰可辨。

 

Keywords: topography; emblem; protest; extinction; place; jurisdiction

关键词:地形象征;抗议;灭绝;地方;管辖权

 


二、研究论文

The Garment Industry in Bangladesh, Corporate Social Responsibility of Multinational Corporations, and The Impact of COVID-19

孟加拉国服装业,跨国企业的企业社会责任,以及新冠肺炎的影响

Ninia Reza, Jean Jacques Du Plessis, 迪肯大学

 

Abstract:

This article investigates the Bangladeshi garment industry that supplies ready-made garments for global brands and the corporate social responsibilities (CSRs) of the brands/multinational corporations (MNCs) towards their supply chains. Although outsourcing and global trade have boosted the living standards of many people in the Bangladeshi garment industry, there are some significant concerns regarding the working conditions and treatment of workers in these supply chains. This, in turn, cannot, and should not, be detached from the legal relationship between the Bangladeshi supply chains and the MNCs contracting with them. This article examines the impact of COVID-19, which has exposed the fragility and the pre-existing flaws in the relationship between the MNCs and their suppliers more clearly than at any other time in history. There is a huge governance gap between MNCs and supply chains that needs to be addressed urgently. This article assesses the legality of the cancellation of orders by the brands that invoked the force majeure clause. In doing so, this paper briefly deals with the responses of three American retail companies, namely Sears, Kohl’s, and the Arcadia Group, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It illustrates that the power asymmetry between the MNCs and their suppliers has put the supply chains in an unreasonably disadvantageous position, creating unfair and even unconscionable conduct by several MNCs. This article also looks at solutions for the existing problems, focusing, inter alia, on non-financial reporting requirements in the US and the EU to implement CSR in supply chains. However, disappointingly, the authors had to conclude that MNCs typically have the propensity to disregard CSR, whenever it is convenient for them and use CSR for mere “greenwashing” purposes for their strategic benefit only. It is a problem that requires constant attention and continuing research to find long-term solutions. The article employs doctrinal methodology and, by conducting a meta-analysis of literature and case-studies, it provides a comprehensive understanding of how the industry works.

 

摘要

本文调查了为全球品牌提供成衣的孟加拉国服装业,以及品牌方/跨国企业(MNCs)对其供应链应承担的企业社会责任(CSR)。尽管外包和全球贸易提高了许多从事孟加拉国服装业的人的生活水平,供应链环节的工作条件和工人待遇方面仍存在一些重大问题。相应的,这不能也不应该脱离孟加拉国供应链和与之签约的跨国企业之间的法律关系。本文考查了新冠疫情的影响,它使得跨国企业与其供应商之间关系的脆弱性和早已存在的缺陷比历史上任何时候都更加清晰地暴露出来。跨国企业与其供应商之间存在着亟解决的治理缺口。本文评估了品牌方援引不可抗力条款取消订单的合法性。在此过程中,本文简要介绍了三家美国零售企业在新冠肺炎疫情大爆发后的应对措施,即西尔斯(Sears)、科尔斯(Kohl’s)以及阿卡迪亚(Arcadia)集团。这阐明了跨国企业与其供应商之间的权力不对等已经使供应链处于不合理的劣势,导致许多跨国企业不公平甚至是有违良心的行为。本文还探讨了现有问题的解决方法,比如说,在美国和欧盟为了在供应链中落实企业社会责任而要求的财务之外的报告义务。然而,令人失望的是,作者不得不得出结论:在任何方便的时候,跨国企业通常倾向于忽视企业社会责任,并且只是为了他们的战略利益而仅把企业社会责任用于粉饰目的。这是一个需要经常关注和持续研究以找到长期解决方案的问题。本文运用了教义学方法,并通过开展文献和案例研究的综合分析,提供了对该行业运作方式的全面理解。

 

Keywords: Bangladeshi garment industry; corporate governance; corporate social responsibility; global supply chains; non-financial reporting; force majeure clauses; impact of COVID-19

关键词:孟加拉国服装业;企业治理企业社会责任全球供应链非财务报告义务;不可抗力条款新冠疫情影响

 


How Has the Legal Consciousness of Chinese Enterprise Managers Transformed since 1949? A Study of Chinese Enterprises under Socialism

1949年以来中国企业管理者的法律意识如何转变?社会主义制度下中国企业研究

Alvin Hoi-Chun Hung,牛津大学

 

Abstract:

This paper analyses how the legal consciousness of Chinese enterprise managers has transformed in the face of drastic changes brought along by major events in socialist China. During the past 70 years, there have been in place a series of radical and pervasive changes in the legal framework constituted by a communist system frequented by mass political campaigns, trailed by a massive liberalized move towards a market economy. By building upon the thesis of legal-consciousness narratives suggested by Ewick and Silbey, this paper discusses how Chinese managers have evolved through various states of “With the Law,” “Against the Law,” and “Under the Law” legal consciousness. It is suggested that, in the coming era of globalization under socialist China, Chinese enterprise managers may start to embrace a new narrative of legal consciousness—“In the Law”—by participating more actively in the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

 

摘要:

本文分析了在面临社会主义制度下重大事件带来的剧烈变化时,中国企业管理者的法律意识如何转变。过去七十年间,由于经常发生大规模政治运动,以及随之而来的一场市场经济导向的大规模自由化运动,这种共产主义制度所建立的法律框架发生了一系列根本性和普遍性的变革。本文以尤伊克(Ewick)和西尔贝(Silbey提出的法律意识叙述维度为基础,探讨了中国管理者的法律意识如何发生利用法律”到“对抗法律”再“顺从法律的演变。本文认为,在即将到来的社会主义中国全球化时代,中国企业管理者可能会更加积极参与中国特色社会主义制度建设,借此转入新的法律意识叙述维度——“介入法律”

 

Keywords: legal consciousness; Chinese enterprise managers; Chinese legal transformation; socialism with Chinese characteristics; China

关键词: 法律意识中国企业管理者中国法制转型中国特色社会主义中国

 


Legislation as a Social Process: Japanese Family Law and the Drafting of the Bill on the Hague Child Abduction Convention

立法反映社会进程日本家庭法与《国际诱拐儿童民事方面海牙公约》下的国内法起草

Takeshi Hamano北九州市立大学人文学院

 

Abstract

When Japan signed the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, the government enacted a new act to deal with international parental child abduction according to the Convention in the same year. The Ministries of Justice and Foreign Affairs were immediately in charge of making a draft Bill. Once the government and respective ministries had instantly set up the legal and administrative procedure for dealing with international family issue under the Convention, as some studies argue, simultaneous issues of the family in separation in Japan were underdeveloped. Employing a method of content analysis of the record of policy debates by authorities, observing both diplomatic and domestic frames referred in the debate in contrast, this paper highlights this law-making process delivered and elucidated continuous consecutive inquiries about radical questions of the current Japanese family law regarding the wellbeing of the changing families and their children in contemporary Japan.

 

摘要:

日本签署海牙《国际诱拐儿童民事方面海牙公约》的同年,日本政府根据该公约颁布了新法,旨在解决国际性的父母诱拐子女问题。当时,日本法务省和外务省紧接着负责起草新法案。正如一些研究表明的,日本政府和相关省快速确立了在《国际诱拐儿童民事方面海牙公约》下解决国际性家庭问题的法律和行政程序的同时,日本分居家庭问题的解决仍有待完善。本文采用内容分析法,对当局在法案制定过程中的政策争论记录进行分析,对争论中提到的外交及本国框架进行比较分析,本文着重阐述了这一对现行日本家庭法的激进性问题进行连续不断的追问的立法过程,这些问题关乎当代日本变动的家庭关系及其未成年子女的福祉问题

 

Keywords: Japan; international parental child abduction; Hague Child Abduction Convention; family law; cross-border marriage

关键词: 日本;跨国家庭中父母诱拐儿童;《国际诱拐儿童民事方面海牙公约》;家庭法;跨境婚姻

 


三、书评

A Novel Perspective on the Contributions of Legal Outsiders in Japanese Criminal Justice

“新视角下法律外行人士在日本刑事司法中的贡献”,作者Noboru Yanase

Lay and Expert Contributions to Japanese Criminal Justice. By Erik Herber. London: Routledge, 2019. 206 pp. Hardcover $140.00 (Won an Honorary Mention by the 2020 ALSA Distinguished Book Award Committee)

《日本刑事司法中的非专业人士与专家贡献》,作者Erik Herber(获得2020年亚洲法与社会协会杰出图书奖委员会荣誉提名)

 

Civil Justice Reform in Chinese Law and Society

“中国法律与社会中的民事司法改革”,作者Hiro N. Aragaki

Dispute Resolution in China: Litigation, Arbitration, Mediation, and Their Interactions. By Weixia Gu. London/New York: Routledge, 2021. 288 pp. Hardcover $144.00

《中国的纠纷解决:诉讼、仲裁、调解及其互动》,作者Weixia Gu

 

Rule of Law with Chinese Characteristics

“中国特色法治”,作者Yi Zhao

Law and Society in China. By Vai lo Lo. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. 235 pp. Hardcover $120.00

《中国的法律与社会》,作者 Vai lo Lo

 

翻译:张晶翼、张文溢、冯慧婷、牟伟、魏奕荧、闫灵犀、朱颖颖

校对:陈曦宜、林浩舟