【内容提要】
《亚洲法与社会杂志》2025年第4期内容摘要
Asian Journal of Law and Society Vol.12 No.4 (2025)
【编者按】《亚洲法与社会杂志》（Asian Journal of Law and Society）于2024年起调整为季刊，由每年3期调整为每年4期。杂志目前已吸引8000余家机构订户，仅在剑桥网站的2024年度下载量就达到8万人次，如果包括HeinOnline等第三方平台在内，则年度下载量达9万人次。本期集中推送杂志第12卷第4期（2025年12月）内容提要，以方便读者查阅和引用，也可方便研究者了解本刊录用稿件的方针和特色。欢迎大家积极参与全英文学术期刊Asian Journal of Law and Society的建设，在这个平台上构筑一个跨学科、跨国界的知识共同体！
本期内容包括：（1）由David M. Engel担任客座主编的专辑“亚洲法与社会中的现代性之争”的5篇研究论文；（2）Aristo Pangaribuan的研究论文《印度尼西亚刑事司法体系：以机构间冲突与权力争夺为中心的个案研究》；（3）Sandra Michelle Röseler的研究论文《迈向中国法的知识史：论中国行政法学史、其开创性行动者与规范性知识》；（4）Lingyan Yang, Ke Jiang和Fang Wang的研究论文《法院如何作为治理中的制度行动者发挥作用：嵌入式法院中的策略性裁判》。
研究论文
01
Crown and Development: The Influence of Monarchy on Built Environment in Bangkok and Johor
王权与发展：君主制对曼谷与柔佛建成环境的影响
Andrew James Harding，新加坡国立大学法学院
Rawin Leelapatana，朱拉隆功大学法学院，泰国国立法政大学法学院
Abstract: This article challenges the Weberian view that modernization stems from the rational legal system, wherein legal-rational authority displaces traditional and charismatic authority as the transformative agent. We contend instead that, in key instances at the forefront of Asian development, monarchy has orchestrated economic and built-environment modernisation. In Thailand and Malaysia, royal interventions have operated outside or behind formal laws governing planning and development, producing significant outcomes for cities and economies. Two case studies illustrate this claim. In Bangkok, the King has played a leading role in shaping urban development. In Johor, the Sultan—later Malaysia’s Yang di-Pertuan Agong—has similarly directed the Iskandar Malaysia development region. These interventions exceed the expectations of constitutional monarchy, relying not on legal-rational authority but on traditional notions of royal power. Thus, monarchy emerges as a decisive agent of modernisation, complicating conventional theories of rationalisation and authority in Southeast Asia.
摘要：本文对韦伯式的观点提出挑战，该观点认为现代化源于理性的法律体系，在此过程中，法律理性权威取代了传统权威和克里斯玛权威，成为变革的推动者。相反，我们认为，在亚洲发展进程的若干关键案例中，君主制主导了经济与建成环境的现代化。在泰国与马来西亚，王室的干预在管理规划和发展的正式法律之外或背后运作，为城市与经济带来了深远影响。两个案例研究证明了这一主张。在曼谷，国王在塑造城市发展方面发挥了主导作用。在柔佛，苏丹——后来的马来西亚最高元首——同样主导了马来西亚依斯干达发展区的建设。这些干预超出了君主立宪制的预期，其依赖的不是法律理性权威，而是传统的王权观念。因此，君主制成为现代化的决定性推动力量，使东南亚地区关于理性化和权威的传统理论变得更为复杂。
Keywords: King of Thailand, Sultan of Johor, urban development, Max Weber
关键词：泰国国王，柔佛苏丹，城市发展，马克斯·韦伯
02
Enchanted: Buddhism, the State, and Modernity in Sri Lanka
迷醉其中：斯里兰卡的佛教、国家与现代性
Sanjayan Rajasingham，贾夫纳大学人文学院法律系
Abstract: Sri Lanka is immersed in the ideology of Buddhist primacy: “the island belongs to its Sinhala Buddhists, and Buddhism should dominate the state.” Why does this ideology attract? The standard answer is that it justifies the power of the Sinhala Buddhist ethnic group. This article offers a different take through two contestations of modernity. It draws from Sabhyatva Rajya Kara or Towards a Civilisation-State by the Sinhala public intellectual Gunadasa Amarasekara, and the work of post-secular thinkers such as Jurgen Habermas, Charles Taylor, and Nicholas Wolterstorff, and argues that, along with power, Buddhist primacy attracts because it offers an invitation to join a dignifying, heroic narrative, and a vision of “fullness.” That is, there is more to Buddhist primacy than power. This points to the need for a richer human anthropology, and a fuller account of religion, in studies of religion and constitutions.
摘要：斯里兰卡深陷于佛教至上的意识形态之中：“该岛屿属于其僧伽罗佛教徒，佛教应主导国家。”为何这种意识形态具有吸引力？标准的答案是，它为僧伽罗佛教族群的权力提供了正当性。本文通过两种对现代性的争辩，提供了不同的解读。本文借鉴了僧伽罗公共知识分子贡纳达萨·阿马拉塞克拉所著的《迈向文明国家》一书，以及尤尔根·哈贝马斯、查尔斯·泰勒和尼古拉斯·沃尔特斯托夫等后世俗主义思想家的研究成果，主张佛教至上的吸引力不仅在于权力，还因为它提供了一种邀约，让人们加入一个赋予尊严、充满英雄色彩的叙事，并展望一种“圆满”的愿景。也就是说，佛教至上的内涵超越了权力本身。这指出了在宗教与宪法的研究中，需要一种更丰富的人类学视角，以及对宗教更全面的阐释。
Keywords: Buddhism, modernity, Sri Lanka, post-secularism, religion
关键词: 佛教，现代性，斯里兰卡，后世俗主义，宗教
03
Rape Contested: Female Subjects in the Legal Formation of Rape in Thailand
强奸之辩：泰国强奸罪法律建构中的女性主体
Suprawee Earn Asanasak，墨尔本大学墨尔本法学院，泰国国立法政大学法学院
Abstract: The crime of rape has been postulated as an unlawful violation of an individual’s rights or interests. However, this article argues that sexual violence against women in Thailand was traditionally viewed as a breach of an interpersonal hierarchy. It was not until the modern criminalization of rape that lawyers attempted to identify the victim’s individual rights as the essence of the crime. By examining the legal techniques employed by these lawyers in drafting, implementing, and adjudicating the crime, the article contends that the voices and demands of female subjects of rape have been silenced or misplaced. The article will offer studies of legal techniques used by lawyers from various institutions in articulating rape and constructing its subjects from the 19th century to the present. This jurisprudence provides context for the current debate on sexual violence in Thailand and makes it possible to critically reassess the right-based conceptualization of rape law.
摘要：强奸罪被假定为对个人权利或利益的非法侵犯。然而，本文认为，在泰国，针对女性的性暴力在传统上被视为对人际等级秩序的破坏。直到强奸罪现代刑事化，法律从业者才开始试图将被害人的个人权利界定为该罪行的核心。通过考察这些法律从业者在起草、实施和裁决该罪行时所采用的法律技术，本文认为，强奸罪女性主体的声音和诉求遭到了压制或错置。本文研究了不同机构的法律从业者从19世纪至今在阐述强奸罪及建构其主体时所运用的法律技术。这一法律研究为当前泰国关于性暴力的辩论提供了背景，并使得批判性地重新评估以权利为基础的强奸法概念成为可能。
Keywords: Rape law, legal technique, Thailand, gender and law, criminalization
关键词：强奸法，法律技术，泰国，性别与法律，刑事化
04
Between Rule and Prerogative: Petitions by Terror-Accused Individuals and the Imaginings of Indian Law
规则与特权之间：受恐怖主义指控者的请愿书与印度法律的想象
Mayur Suresh，伦敦大学亚非学院
Abstract: This article argues that contemporary Indian law is animated by two intertwined imaginings of law: as a rational, rule-bound process and as a power that makes decisions as a normless act of prerogative. Through ethnographic fieldwork in Delhi’s terrorism courts, the paper examines petitions written by individuals accused under anti-terror laws, revealing how these texts invoke the dual legal imaginaries. Petitions—ranging from formal legal documents to handwritten pleas—are analysed through the idea of epistolarity, to pay attention to both the form and content of these petitions. The article argues that these letters are affective and rhetorical performances that simultaneously invoke imaginings of the law as both rule and prerogative. In doing so, the subjectivity of the petitioners oscillates between rights-bearing citizens and humble supplicants praying for the law’s intervention.
摘要：本文认为，当代印度法律受到两种相互交织的法律想象的驱动：一是将法律视为理性、受规则约束的过程，二是将法律视为一种以无规范的特权行为作出裁决的权力。通过对德里恐怖主义法庭进行民族志田野调查，本文考察了被依据反恐法起诉的个人所撰写的请愿书，揭示了这些文本如何反映了上述双重法律想象。本文通过书信体例这一概念对这些请愿书——从正式的法律文件到手写的请求——进行分析，以关注其形式与内容。本文认为，这些信件是情感和修辞的表现，同时唤起了法律作为规则和特权的两种想象。在此过程中，请愿者的主体性在享有权利的公民与祈求法律干预的卑微请愿者之间摇摆不定。
Keywords: epistolarity, petitions, India, rule, prerogative
关键词：书信体例，请愿书，印度，规则，特权
05
Contested Modernities in Masaji Chiba’s Legal Pluralism: An Ethnomethodological Re-reading of Its Accomplishment in Practice
千叶正士法律多元主义中的争议性现代性：对其在实践中之实现的民族方法学重释
Takanori Kitamura, 东海大学法学院
Abstract: This article contributes to the “praxiological turn” in legal pluralism studies by offering an ethnomethodological re-reading of Masaji Chiba’s theory. Responding to critiques of its “rigidity,” it reframes Chiba’s theoretical “three dichotomies” not as static classificatory categories, but as a set of heuristic questions for discovering the practical methods members use to accomplish a pluralistic legal order. This approach reveals how legal pluralism is achieved in situ. It demonstrates that normative tensions—such as official/unofficial—are not pre-existing structures but are dynamically produced by participants in their moment-to-moment interaction. An analysis of Japanese lay judge deliberations illustrates how these dichotomies function as practical resources that members use to organize and negotiate “contested modernities.” This perspective unlocks the potential of Chiba’s legacy for empirically elucidating the interactional foundations of law as a lived phenomenon.
摘要：本文通过对千叶正士理论所作的一种民族方法学重读，为法律多元主义研究中的“实践论转向”作出贡献。针对关于其“僵化性”的批评，本文将千叶理论中的“三组二分法”重新界定为一组启发式问题，用以发现人们为完成一种多元法律秩序而使用的实践方法，而不是将其理解为静态的分类范畴。此种路径揭示了法律多元主义如何在具体情境中被实现。它表明，诸如官方／非官方这样的规范性张力，并不是预先存在的结构，而是在参与者即时互动的每一时每一刻中被动态生产出来的。对日本陪审员合议的分析说明，这些二分法如何作为实践资源发挥作用，而成员正是借助这些资源来组织并协商“争议性现代性”。这一视角释放了千叶理论遗产的潜力，使其能够从经验上阐明作为一种生活现象的法律之互动性基础。
Keywords: Legal pluralism, Masaji Chiba, ethnomethodology, legal consciousness, conversation analysis
关键词：法律多元主义，千叶正士，民族方法学，法律意识，对话分析
06
Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System: A Case Study of Inter-Agency Conflict and the Fight for Power
印度尼西亚刑事司法体系：以机构间冲突与权力争夺为中心的个案研究
Aristo Pangaribuan，印度尼西亚大学法学院
Abstract: This article examines systemic rivalry between Indonesian criminal justice agencies, highlighting the inherent conflicts that arise when institutional actors with distinct values and priorities interact. It argues that analysing these conflicts reveals underlying power dynamics that hinder the system’s effectiveness. Indonesia serves as a compelling case study for analysing inter-agency conflict, where the source of conflict transcends procedural differences and stems from a power struggle driven by institutional self-preservation. Utilizing interviews, court decisions, media reports, and legislative analysis, this article delves into the power struggle between the police, prosecutors, and the anti-corruption agency (KPK). The analysis reveals the police to be at the centre of this conflict, resisting reforms that threaten their institutional survival. This article then argues that substantial reform of Indonesia’s criminal justice system would be difficult to achieve, as such rivalry is driven by patronage politics both within and outside the institution.
摘要：本文考察了印度尼西亚刑事司法机构之间的系统性竞争，着重揭示当具有不同价值取向与制度优先事项的机构行为者彼此互动时，如何不可避免地产生内在冲突。文章认为，对这些冲突的分析有助于揭示妨碍刑事司法体系有效运作的深层权力关系。印度尼西亚为分析机构间冲突提供了一个极具代表性的案例：在这一情境中，冲突的根源并不仅仅在于程序差异，而更在于由制度性自我保存所驱动的权力斗争。基于访谈、法院裁判、媒体报道以及立法分析，本文深入探讨了警察机关、检察机关与反腐败委员会（KPK）之间的权力博弈。分析表明，警察机关处于这一冲突的中心位置，并持续抵制那些可能威胁其制度生存的改革。文章进一步指出，在制度内外庇护政治的共同驱动下，印度尼西亚刑事司法体系要实现实质性改革将十分困难。
Keywords: criminal justice, inter-agency conflict, Indonesia, power competition, organizational approach of criminal justice
关键词：刑事司法，机构间冲突，印度尼西亚，权力竞争，刑事司法的组织研究路径
07
Towards a Knowledge History of Chinese Law: An Introduction to the History of Chinese Administrative Law Science, Its Pioneering Actors, and Knowledge of Normativity
迈向中国法的知识史：论中国行政法学史、其开创性行动者与规范性知识
Sandra Michelle Röseler，马克斯·普朗克法律史与法律理论研究所、法兰克福歌德大学
Abstract: Within Chinese legal studies, the construction of a distinctly Chinese knowledge system emphasising “Chinese subjective consciousness” (中国主体意识) has become a new important agenda. This introductory article responds to this methodological turn and growing interest in a broader intellectual history of Chinese law. Until recently, traditional Western scholarship on Chinese legal history has largely focused on written legal documents, not on their underlying processes of knowledge production. While Chinese scholars acknowledge the significance of (cultural) translation of foreign legal knowledge, the entanglements of Chinese and Western legal genealogies within a knowledge-historical framework remains underexplored. This article introduces a knowledge-historical approach to study Chinese legal history by narrating the history of administrative law through the lens of local knowledge production through cultural translation. It reveals compelling stories of local actors, who engaged with new knowledge of administrative law in multiple processes and layers of knowledge production from the late Qing dynasty to the late 1980s.
摘要：在中国法研究领域，建构一种突出“中国主体意识”的中国自主知识体系，已成为一项新的重要议题。本文作为一篇导论性文章，回应了这一方法论转向，以及学界对更广义中国法思想史日益增长的关注。直到最近，西方传统的中国法律史研究仍主要聚焦于成文法律文献本身，而较少关注其背后的知识生产过程。尽管中国学者已然承认对外国法律知识进行（文化）翻译的重要性，但在知识史框架下，中国与西方法律谱系如何彼此交织，仍未得到充分探讨。本文尝试引入一种知识史方法来研究中国法律史，即通过文化翻译之下的地方性知识生产视角，叙述中国行政法的历史。文章揭示了许多引人注目的地方行动者故事：从晚清到20世纪80年代末，他们在知识生产的多重过程与层次中不断与行政法的新知识发生关联。
Keywords: Chinese legal history, knowledge history of Chinese law, Chinese administrative law, history of Chinese administrative law science, cultural translation of knowledge of normativity
关键词：中国法律史，中国法知识史，中国行政法，中国行政法学史，规范性知识的文化翻译
08
How Courts Act as Institutional Actors in Governance: Strategic Adjudication in Embedded Courts
法院如何作为治理中的制度行动者发挥作用：嵌入式法院中的策略性裁判
Lingyan Yang, 山东大学纪检监察学院
Ke Jiang, 山东师范大学经济学院
Fang Wang, 山东大学数据科学研究院
Abstract: “Embedded courts” explains how Chinese courts operate within the system of local bureaucratic organisation, raising concerns about how judges balance adjudicative functions with the expectations of local governance. Using 47,641 first-instance trademark judgments (2014–2021), we empirically examine adjudication in embedded courts and observe the following phenomenon: non-local plaintiffs are more likely to win but receive lower compensation; corporate defendants win more often yet face higher damages when they lose. Regional heterogeneity indicates that some courts exhibit lower support rates for local plaintiffs and well-known trademark holders. These findings reveal the strategic logic underlying local bureaucratic organisation. We develop a Judicial Behavior Index (JBI) and analyse Henan Province. The results suggest courts act as institutional actors responding to local governance incentives. By exercising discretion strategically, courts navigate local governance logics within the legal framework.
摘要：“嵌入式法院”这一概念揭示了中国法院如何运作于地方官僚组织体系之中，同时也引出了这样一种关切：法官如何在司法裁判职能与地方治理期待之间进行平衡。本文基于2014年至2021年间47,641份一审商标裁判文书，对嵌入式法院中的裁判行为进行了经验研究，并发现如下现象：非本地原告更有可能胜诉，但获得的赔偿额较低；企业被告更容易胜诉，但一旦败诉则往往面临更高的赔偿金额。区域异质性分析进一步表明，部分法院对本地原告以及驰名商标权利人的支持率反而较低。上述发现揭示了地方官僚组织背后的策略性逻辑。本文进一步构建了“司法行为指数”（Judicial Behavior Index, JBI），并以河南省为例展开分析。研究结果表明，法院会作为回应地方治理激励的制度行动者而发挥作用。通过策略性地行使裁量权，法院在法律框架内应对地方治理逻辑。
Keywords: embedded courts, judicial behaviour, local protectionism, Chinese judiciary, strategic judgment
关键词：嵌入式法院，司法行为，地方保护主义，中国司法，策略性裁判
书评
Bridging Modernity and Tradition: The Transformation of the Chinese Legal Family - Chinese Legal Family and Chinese Modernization of Rule of Law, By Xiaobo Dong & Yafen Li, Singapore, Springer, 2025. 309pp., Hardcover: $119.99
《连接现代与传统：中华法系的转型——中华法系与中国法治现代化》，作者：董晓波、李亚芬
Democracy at the Doorstep - The Authoritarian Commons: Neighborhood Democratization in Urban China. By Shitong Qiao. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2025. 246pp. Hardcover: $130
《家门口的民主——威权公地：中国城市中的社区民主化》，作者：乔仕彤
友情链接
《亚洲法与社会杂志》2025年第4期链接：
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/asian-journal-of-law-and-society/issue/23E6236994096F93A5531D77DBD2D66F
《亚洲法与社会杂志》官网链接：
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/asian-journal-of-law-and-society
内容摘要翻译：张艺玮、薛倩
助理编辑：赵楚齐
责任编辑：陈曦宜
审白白读：季卫东