[author]齐美尔,G.

[content]

The overthrow of the individualistic point of view may be considered the most important and fruitful step which historical science and the moral sciences (Geisteswissen-schaften) generally have made in our time. In place of the individual careers which formerly stood in the foreground of our picture of history, we now regard social forces, national movements, as the real and determining factors, out of which the parts which individuals play cannot be evaluated with complete definiteness. The science of human beings has become the science of human society……

[keywords]sociology；social science；reciprocal relations；philosophy of history；